Bytes per hour (Byte/hour) to Mebibytes per second (MiB/s) conversion

What is Bytes per hour?

Bytes per hour (B/h) is a unit used to measure the rate of data transfer. It represents the amount of digital data, measured in bytes, that is transferred or processed in a period of one hour. It's a relatively slow data transfer rate, often used for applications with low bandwidth requirements or for long-term averages.

Understanding Bytes

• A byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. One byte can represent 256 different values.

Forming Bytes per Hour

Bytes per hour is a rate, calculated by dividing the total number of bytes transferred by the number of hours it took to transfer them.

$$\text{Bytes per hour} = \frac{\text{Total Bytes}}{\text{Total Hours}}$$

Base 10 (Decimal) vs. Base 2 (Binary)

Data transfer rates are often discussed in terms of both base 10 (decimal) and base 2 (binary) prefixes. The difference arises because computer memory and storage are based on binary (powers of 2), while human-readable measurements often use decimal (powers of 10). Here's a breakdown:

• Base 10 (Decimal): Uses prefixes like kilo (K), mega (M), giga (G), where:

  • 1 KB (Kilobyte) = 1000 bytes
  • 1 MB (Megabyte) = 1,000,000 bytes
  • 1 GB (Gigabyte) = 1,000,000,000 bytes

• Base 2 (Binary): Uses prefixes like kibi (Ki), mebi (Mi), gibi (Gi), where:

  • 1 KiB (Kibibyte) = 1024 bytes
  • 1 MiB (Mebibyte) = 1,048,576 bytes
  • 1 GiB (Gibibyte) = 1,073,741,824 bytes

While bytes per hour itself isn't directly affected by base 2 vs base 10, when you work with larger units (KB/h, MB/h, etc.), it's important to be aware of the distinction to avoid confusion.

Significance and Applications

Bytes per hour is most relevant in scenarios where data transfer rates are very low or when measuring average throughput over extended periods.

• IoT Devices: Many low-bandwidth IoT (Internet of Things) devices, like sensors or smart meters, might transmit data at rates measured in bytes per hour. For example, a sensor reporting temperature readings hourly might only send a few bytes of data per transmission.
• Telemetry: Older telemetry systems or remote monitoring applications might operate at these low data transfer rates.
• Data Logging: Some data logging applications, especially those running on battery-powered devices, may be configured to transfer data at very slow rates to conserve power.
• Long-Term Averages: When monitoring network performance, bytes per hour can be useful for calculating average data throughput over extended periods.

Examples of Bytes per Hour

To put bytes per hour into perspective, consider the following examples:

• Smart Thermostat: A smart thermostat that sends hourly temperature updates to a server might transmit approximately 50-100 bytes per hour.
• Remote Sensor: A remote environmental sensor reporting air quality data once per hour might transmit around 200-300 bytes per hour.
• SCADA Systems: Some Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems used in industrial control might transmit status updates at a rate of a few hundred bytes per hour during normal operation.

Interesting facts

The term "byte" was coined by Werner Buchholz in 1956, during the early days of computer architecture at IBM. He was working on the design of the IBM Stretch computer and needed a term to describe a group of bits smaller than a word (the fundamental unit of data at the machine level).

Related Data Transfer Units

Bytes per hour is on the slower end of the data transfer rate spectrum. Here are some common units and their relationship to bytes per hour:

• Bytes per second (B/s): 1 B/s = 3600 B/h
• Kilobytes per second (KB/s): 1 KB/s = 3,600,000 B/h
• Megabytes per second (MB/s): 1 MB/s = 3,600,000,000 B/h

Understanding the relationships between these units allows for easy conversion and comparison of data transfer rates.

What is mebibytes per second?

Mebibytes per second (MiB/s) is a unit of data transfer rate, commonly used to measure the speed of data transmission or storage. Understanding what it represents, its relationship to other units, and its real-world applications is crucial in today's digital world.

Understanding Mebibytes per Second (MiB/s)

Mebibytes per second (MiB/s) represents the amount of data, measured in mebibytes (MiB), that is transferred in one second. It is a unit of data transfer rate. A mebibyte is a multiple of the byte, a unit of digital information storage, closely related to the megabyte (MB). 1 MiB/s is equivalent to 1,048,576 bytes transferred per second.

How Mebibytes are Formed

Mebibyte (MiB) is a binary multiple of the unit byte, used to quantify computer memory or storage capacity. It is based on powers of 2, unlike megabytes (MB) which are based on powers of 10.

• 1 Kibibyte (KiB) = $2^{10}$ bytes = 1024 bytes
• 1 Mebibyte (MiB) = $2^{20}$ bytes = 1024 KiB = 1,048,576 bytes

The "mebi" prefix was created by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) to unambiguously denote binary multiples, differentiating them from decimal multiples (like mega). For further clarification on binary prefixes refer to Binary prefix - Wikipedia.

Mebibytes vs. Megabytes: Base 2 vs. Base 10

The key difference lies in the base used for calculation:

• Mebibyte (MiB): Base 2 (Binary). 1 MiB = $2^{20}$ bytes = 1,048,576 bytes
• Megabyte (MB): Base 10 (Decimal). 1 MB = $10^6$ bytes = 1,000,000 bytes

This difference can lead to confusion. For example, a hard drive advertised as "500 GB" (gigabytes) will appear smaller in your operating system, which typically reports storage in GiB (gibibytes).

The formula to convert from MB to MiB:

$$MiB = MB * \frac{10^6}{2^{20}} = MB * \frac{1000000}{1048576} \approx MB * 0.953674$$

Real-World Examples

• SSD Speeds: High-performance NVMe SSDs can achieve read/write speeds of several thousand MiB/s. For example, a top-tier SSD might have sequential read speeds of 3500 MiB/s and write speeds of 3000 MiB/s.
• Network Transfers: A Gigabit Ethernet connection has a theoretical maximum throughput of 125 MB/s. But in reality, it will be much smaller.
• RAM Speed: High-speed DDR5 RAM can have data transfer rates exceeding 50,000 MiB/s.