Inches of mercury (inHg) to pounds per square inch (psi) conversion

Inches of mercury to pounds per square inch conversion table

Inches of mercury (inHg)pounds per square inch (psi)
00
10.491154
20.982308
31.473462
41.964616
52.45577
62.946924
73.438078
83.929232
94.420386
104.91154
209.82308
3014.73462
4019.64616
5024.5577
6029.46924
7034.38078
8039.29232
9044.20386
10049.1154
1000491.154

How to convert inches of mercury to pounds per square inch?

Converting between inches of mercury (inHg) and pounds per square inch (psi) involves understanding the relationship between these two pressure units. This conversion is commonly used in fields like meteorology, aviation, and engineering where pressure measurements are crucial.

Understanding the Conversion

The conversion between inches of mercury and pounds per square inch is based on a standard value defined under specific conditions (like temperature and gravity).

Conversion Formulas

  • Inches of Mercury to PSI:

    psi=inHg×0.491154\text{psi} = \text{inHg} \times 0.491154

  • PSI to Inches of Mercury:

    inHg=psi0.491154\text{inHg} = \frac{\text{psi}}{0.491154}

    These conversion factors are derived from the density of mercury, the acceleration due to gravity, and the definition of pressure.

Step-by-Step Conversion Instructions

Converting 1 inch of mercury to PSI

  1. Start with the given value: 1 inch of mercury (1 inHg).
  2. Apply the conversion formula:

    psi=1 inHg×0.491154\text{psi} = 1 \text{ inHg} \times 0.491154

  3. Calculate:

    psi=0.491154 psi\text{psi} = 0.491154 \text{ psi}

    So, 1 inch of mercury is equal to approximately 0.491154 psi.

Converting 1 PSI to Inches of Mercury

  1. Start with the given value: 1 psi.
  2. Apply the conversion formula:

    inHg=1 psi0.491154\text{inHg} = \frac{1 \text{ psi}}{0.491154}

  3. Calculate:

    inHg2.036 inHg\text{inHg} \approx 2.036 \text{ inHg}

    Thus, 1 psi is approximately equal to 2.036 inches of mercury.

Historical Context and Notable Figures

  • Evangelista Torricelli: An Italian physicist and mathematician, Torricelli is credited with inventing the barometer in 1643. His experiments with mercury led to the understanding of atmospheric pressure, which is the basis for measuring pressure in "inches of mercury." Britannica - Evangelista Torricelli

Real-World Examples

  1. Meteorology:
    • Atmospheric pressure is often measured in inches of mercury. For example, a typical high-pressure system might register at 30.20 inHg. To convert this to psi for certain applications:

      psi=30.20 inHg×0.49115414.83 psi\text{psi} = 30.20 \text{ inHg} \times 0.491154 \approx 14.83 \text{ psi}

  2. Aviation:
    • Aircraft altimeters use inches of mercury to indicate altitude. Suppose an aircraft's altimeter is set to 29.92 inHg (standard atmospheric pressure at sea level). In psi, this is:

      psi=29.92 inHg×0.49115414.696 psi\text{psi} = 29.92 \text{ inHg} \times 0.491154 \approx 14.696 \text{ psi}

  3. Medical Equipment:
    • In medical settings, you might see pressure transducers calibrated in mmHg. Since 1 inHg ≈ 25.4 mmHg, you can convert to psi: if a device reads 0.8 inHg:

      psi=0.8 inHg×0.4911540.393 psi\text{psi} = 0.8 \text{ inHg} \times 0.491154 \approx 0.393 \text{ psi}

Additional Notes

  • Temperature Dependence: The density of mercury varies with temperature, which slightly affects the conversion factor. The standard temperature for these conversions is usually 0°C (32°F).
  • Altitude: Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude. Therefore, inches of mercury readings will be lower at higher altitudes.

By understanding these conversions, one can effectively translate pressure measurements between inches of mercury and psi for a variety of practical applications.

See below section for step by step unit conversion with formulas and explanations. Please refer to the table below for a list of all the pounds per square inch to other unit conversions.

What is Inches of mercury?

The "inches of mercury" (inHg) is a unit of pressure commonly used in the United States. It's based on the height of a column of mercury that the given pressure will support. This unit is frequently used in aviation, meteorology, and vacuum applications.

Definition and Formation

Inches of mercury is a manometric unit of pressure. It represents the pressure exerted by a one-inch column of mercury at a standard temperature (usually 0°C or 32°F) under standard gravity.

The basic principle is that atmospheric pressure can support a certain height of a mercury column in a barometer. Higher atmospheric pressure corresponds to a higher mercury column, and vice versa. Therefore, the height of this column, measured in inches, serves as a direct indication of the pressure.

Formula and Conversion

Here's how inches of mercury relates to other pressure units:

  • 1 inHg = 3386.39 Pascals (Pa)
  • 1 inHg = 33.8639 millibars (mbar)
  • 1 inHg = 25.4 millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
  • 1 inHg ≈ 0.0334211 atmosphere (atm)
  • 1 inHg ≈ 0.491154 pounds per square inch (psi)

Historical Context: Evangelista Torricelli

The concept of measuring pressure using a column of liquid is closely linked to Evangelista Torricelli, an Italian physicist and mathematician. In 1643, Torricelli invented the mercury barometer, demonstrating that atmospheric pressure could support a column of mercury. His experiments led to the understanding of vacuum and the quantification of atmospheric pressure. Britannica - Evangelista Torricelli has a good intro about him.

Real-World Applications and Examples

  • Aviation: Aircraft altimeters use inches of mercury to indicate altitude. Pilots set their altimeters to a local pressure reading (inHg) to ensure accurate altitude readings. Standard sea level pressure is 29.92 inHg.

  • Meteorology: Weather reports often include atmospheric pressure readings in inches of mercury. These readings are used to track weather patterns and predict changes in weather conditions. For example, a rising barometer (increasing inHg) often indicates improving weather, while a falling barometer suggests worsening weather.

  • Vacuum Systems: In various industrial and scientific applications, inches of mercury is used to measure vacuum levels. For example, vacuum pumps might be rated by the amount of vacuum they can create, expressed in inches of mercury. Higher vacuum levels (i.e., more negative readings) are crucial in processes like freeze-drying and semiconductor manufacturing. For example, common home vacuum cleaners operate in a range of 50 to 80 inHg.

  • Medical Equipment: Some medical devices, such as sphygmomanometers (blood pressure monitors), historically used mmHg (millimeters of mercury), a related unit. While digital devices are common now, the underlying principle remains tied to pressure measurement.

Interesting Facts

  • Standard Atmospheric Pressure: Standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is approximately 29.92 inches of mercury (inHg). This value is often used as a reference point for various measurements and calculations.

  • Altitude Dependence: Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude. As you ascend, the weight of the air above you decreases, resulting in lower pressure readings in inches of mercury.

  • Temperature Effects: While "inches of mercury" typically refers to a standardized temperature, variations in temperature can slightly affect the density of mercury and, consequently, the pressure reading.

What is pounds per square inch?

Pounds per square inch (psi) is a unit of pressure that's commonly used, especially in the United States. Understanding what it represents and how it's derived helps to grasp its significance in various applications.

Definition of Pounds per Square Inch (psi)

Pounds per square inch (psi) is a unit of pressure defined as the amount of force in pounds (lbs) exerted on an area of one square inch (in2in^2).

Pressure(psi)=Force(lbs)Area(in2)Pressure (psi) = \frac{Force (lbs)}{Area (in^2)}

How psi is Formed

Psi is derived by dividing the force applied, measured in pounds, by the area over which that force is distributed, measured in square inches. It's a direct measure of force intensity. For example, 10 psi means that a force of 10 pounds is acting on every square inch of the surface.

Applications and Examples of psi

  • Tire Pressure: Car tires are typically inflated to 30-35 psi. This ensures optimal contact with the road, fuel efficiency, and tire wear.

  • Compressed Air Systems: Air compressors used in workshops and industries often operate at pressures of 90-120 psi to power tools and equipment.

  • Hydraulic Systems: Hydraulic systems in heavy machinery (like excavators and cranes) can operate at thousands of psi to generate the immense force needed for lifting and moving heavy loads. Pressures can range from 3,000 to 5,000 psi or even higher.

  • Water Pressure: Standard household water pressure is usually around 40-60 psi.

  • Scuba Diving Tanks: Scuba tanks are filled with compressed air to pressures of around 3,000 psi to allow divers to breathe underwater for extended periods.

Pascal's Law and Pressure Distribution

Pascal's Law is relevant to understanding pressure in fluids (liquids and gases). Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher. Pascal's Law states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid. This principle is fundamental to hydraulics and pneumatic systems where pressure is used to transmit force. Pascal's Law can be summarized as:

A change in pressure at any point in a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished to all points in the fluid.

More formally:

ΔP=ρgΔh\Delta P = \rho g \Delta h

Where:

  • ΔP\Delta P is the hydrostatic pressure difference (in Pascals or psi)
  • ρ\rho is the fluid density (in kg/m3kg/m^3 or lbs/in3lbs/in^3)
  • gg is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81m/s29.81 m/s^2 or 32.2ft/s232.2 ft/s^2)
  • Δh\Delta h is the height difference (in meters or inches)

For more information, you can refer to this excellent explanation of Pascal's Law at NASA

Complete Inches of mercury conversion table

Enter # of Inches of mercury
Convert 1 inHg to other unitsResult
Inches of mercury to pascals (inHg to Pa)3386.3889532611
Inches of mercury to kilopascals (inHg to kPa)3.3863889532611
Inches of mercury to megapascals (inHg to MPa)0.003386388953261
Inches of mercury to hectopascals (inHg to hPa)33.863889532611
Inches of mercury to millibar (inHg to mbar)33.863889532611
Inches of mercury to bar (inHg to bar)0.03386388953261
Inches of mercury to torr (inHg to torr)25.400005965738
Inches of mercury to meters of water @ 4°C (inHg to mH2O)0.345315571909
Inches of mercury to millimeters of mercury (inHg to mmHg)25.400076155931
Inches of mercury to pounds per square inch (inHg to psi)0.491154
Inches of mercury to kilopound per square inch (inHg to ksi)0.000491154